Recent Publications

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*      Dandurand, F., & Shultz, T. R. (2010). Automatic detection and quantification of growth spurts. Behavior Research Methods, 42 (3), 809-823. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (2010). Connectionism and learning. In P. Peterson, E. Baker, & B. McGaw, (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of Education, 5, 476-484. Oxford: Elsevier. Abstract

*      Montrey, M., & Shultz, T. R. (2010). Evolution of social learning strategies. Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (pp. 95-100). Ann Arbor, MI: IEEE. Abstract

*      Evans, V. C., Berthiaume, V. G., & Shultz, T. R. (2010). Toddlers’ transitions on non-verbal false-belief tasks involving a novel location: a constructivist connectionist model. Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (pp. 225-230) Ann Arbor, MI: IEEE. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., Berthiaume, V. G., & Dandurand, F. (2010). Bootstrapping syntax from morpho-phonology. Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (pp. 52-57). Ann Arbor, MI: IEEE. Abstract

*      Berthiaume, V. G., Shultz, T. R., & Dammann, O. (2010). White- and grey-matter damage differentially impair learning and generalization in a computational model of the raven matrices task. In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone (Eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 682-687). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. Abstract

*      Baetu, I., & Shultz, T. R. (2010). Development of prototype abstraction and exemplar memorization. In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone (Eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 814-819). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. Abstract

*      Kaznatcheev, A., Brown, K., & Shultz, T. R. (2010). Self-esteem and the matching effect in mate selection. In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone (Eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 972-977). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. Abstract

*      Metz, A., & Shultz, T. R. (2010). Spatial factors in social and asocial learning. In S. Ohlsson & R. Catrambone (Eds.), Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1685-1690). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. Abstract

*      Evans, V. C., Berthiaume, V. G., Shultz, T. R. (May, 2010). Toddlers' transitions on a false-belief task involving an unexpected location: A constructive connectionist model. Development 2010, Ottawa, Ontario. Abstract

*      Verbuk, A., & Shultz, T. (2010). Acquisition of relevance implicatures: A case against a rationality-based account of conversational implicatures. Journal of Pragmatics, 42 (8), 2297-2313. Abstract

*      Dandurand, F., & Shultz, T. R. (2009). Connectionist models of reinforcement, imitation and instruction in learning to solve complex problems. IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development, 1, 110-121. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., Hartshorn, M., & Kaznatcheev, A. (2009). Why is ethnocentrism more common than humanitarianism? In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2100-2105). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. PDF

*      Schlimm, D., & Shultz, T. R. (2009). Learning the structure of abstract groups. In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2950-2955). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. PDF

*      Dandurand, F., & Shultz, T. R., (2009). Modeling acquisition of a torque rule on the balance-scale task. In N. A. Taatgen & H. van Rijn (Eds.), Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1541-1546). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. PDF

*      Shultz, T. R., & Sirois, S. (2008). Computational models of developmental psychology. In R. Sun (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of computational psychology (pp. 451-476). New York: Cambridge University Press.

*      Dandurand, F., Shultz, T. R., & Onishi, K. H. (2008). Comparing online and lab methods in a problem-solving experiment. Behavior Research Methods, 40, 428-434. PDF

*      Shultz, T. R., Hartshorn, M., & Hammond, R. A. (2008). Stages in the evolution of ethnocentrism. In B. C. Love, K. McRae, & V. M. Sloutsky (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1244-1249). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. PDF

*      Shultz, T. R., Thivierge, J. P., & Laurin, K. (2008). Acquisition of concepts with characteristic and defining features. In B. C. Love, K. McRae, & V. M. Sloutsky (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 531-536). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. PDF

*      Berthiaume, V. G., Onishi, K. H., & Shultz, T. R. (2008). A computational developmental model of the implicit false belief task. In B. C. Love, K. McRae, & V. M. Sloutsky (Eds.), Proceedings of the 30th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 825-830). Austin, TX: Cognitive Science Society. PDF

*      Dandurand, F., Shultz, T. R., & Rivest, F. (2007). Complex problem solving with reinforcement learning. Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL-2007) (pp. 157-162): IEEE. PDF

*      Shultz, T. R. (2007). Connectionist learning and education: applications and challenges. In D. McNamara & G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-ninth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1497-1502). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Jamrozik, A., & Shultz, T. R. (2007). Learning the structure of a mathematical group. In D. McNamara & G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-ninth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1115-1120). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Dandurand, F., Shultz, T. R., & Onishi, K. H. (2007). Strategies, heuristics and biases in complex problem solving. In D. McNamara & G. Trafton (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-ninth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 917-922). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Dandurand, F., Berthiaume, V., & Shultz, T. R. (2007). A systematic comparison of flat and standard cascade-correlation using a student-teacher network approximation task. Connection Science, 19, 223-244. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., Rivest, F., Egri, L., Thivierge, J-P., & Dandurand, F. (2007). Could knowledge-based neural learning be useful in developmental robotics? The case of KBCC. International Journal of Humanoid Robotics, 4, 245–279. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Takane, Y. (2007). Rule following and rule use in the balance-scale task. Cognition, 103, 460-472. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (2007). The Bayesian revolution approaches psychological development. Developmental Science, 10, 357-364. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., Mysore, S. P., & Quartz, S. R. (2007). Why let networks grow? In D. Mareschal, S. Sirois, G. Westermann, & M. H. Johnson (Eds.), Neuroconstructivism: Perspectives and prospects (Vol. 2, pp. 65-98). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Bale, A. C. (2006). Neural networks discover a near-identity relation to distinguish simple syntactic forms. Minds and Machines, 16, 107-139. Abstract

*      Egri, L., & Shultz, T. R. (2006). A compositional neural-network solution to prime-number testing. Proceedings of the Twenty-eighth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1263-1268). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., Rivest, F., Egri, L., & Thivierge, J. P. (2006). Knowledge-based learning with KBCC. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Development and Learning ICDL 2006. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN. Abstract

*      Sirois, S., & Shultz, T. R. (2006). Preschoolers out of adults: Discriminative learning with a cognitive load. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 59, 1357-1377. Abstract

*      Westermann, G., Sirois, S., Shultz, T. R., & Mareschal, D. (2006). Modeling developmental cognitive neuroscience. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 227-232. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (2006). Constructive learning in the modeling of psychological development. In Y. Munakata & M. H. Johnson (Eds.), Processes of change in brain and cognitive development: Attention and performance XXI (pp. 61-86). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Abstract

*      Rivest, F., & Shultz, T. R. (2005). Learning with both adequate computational power and biological realism. Proceedings of the 2005 Canadian Artificial Intelligence Conference: Workshop on Correlation Learning (pp. 15-23). University of Victoria, Victoria, BC. Abstract

*      Thivierge, J. P., Shultz, T. R., & Balaban, E. (2005). A unified model of thalamocortical axon guidance. Proceedings of the Twentieth AAAI Annual Conference (pp.3-14). Menlo Park, California: AAAI. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Gerken, L. A. (2005). A model of infant learning of word stress. Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2015-2020). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (2005). Generalization in a model of infant sensitivity to syntactic variation. Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2009-2014). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Thivierge, J. P., Titone, D., & Shultz, T. R. (2005). Simulating frontotemporal pathways involved in lexical ambiguity resolution. Proceedings of the Twenty-seventh Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 2178-2183). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Dandurand, F., Bowen, M. & Shultz, T. R. (2004). Learning by imitation, reinforcement and verbal rules in problem-solving tasks. In the Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL'04) Developing Social Brains. La Jolla, California, USA: The Salk Institute for Biological Studies. PDF

*      Thivierge, J. P., Dandurand, F., & Shultz, T. R. (2004). Transferring domain rules in a constructive network: Introducing RBCC. Proceedings of the IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1403-1409. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Vogel, A. (2004). A connectionist model of the development of transitivity. Proceedings of the Twenty-sixth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 1243-1248). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Rivest, F., & Shultz, T. R. (2004). Compositionality in a knowledge-based constructive learner. Papers from the 2004 AAAI Fall Symposium, Technical Report FS-04-03, pp. 54-58. AAAI Press: Menlo Park, CA. Abstract

*      Thivierge, J. P., & Shultz, T. R. (2003). Information networks with modular experts. In M. H. Hamza (Ed.), IASTED Artificial Intelligence and Applications (pp. 753-758). Zurich. Abstract

*      Takane, T., Oshima-Takane, Y., & Shultz, T. R (2003). Neural network simulations by cascade correlation and knowledge-based cascade correlation networks. In T. Higuchi, Y. Iba, & M. Ishiguro (Eds.), Proceedings of Science of Modeling: The 30th Anniversary Meeting of the Information Criterion (AIC), (pp. 245-254). Report on Research and Education 17. Tokyo: The Institute of Statistical Mathematics. Abstract

*      Thivierge, J. P., Rivest, F., & Shultz, T. R. (2003). A dual-phase technique for pruning constructive networks. Proceedings of the IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2003 (pp. 559-564). Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (2003). Computational explorations of cognitive development. Proceedings of the Twenty-fifth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Sirois, S., & Shultz, T. R. (2003). A Connectionist perspective on Piagetian development. In P. T. Quinlan (Ed.), Connectionist models of development: Developmental processes in real and artificial neural networks (pp. 13-41). New York: Psychology Press.

*      Shultz, T. R. (2003). Computational developmental psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Book website

*      Shultz, T. R. (2003). A tutorial on the consonance model of constraint satisfaction. (Note: Your browser must be set to enable active scripting.) Slideshow

*      Shultz, T. R., & Rivest, F. (2003). A tutorial on knowledge-based cascade-correlation. (Note: Your browser must be set to enable active scripting.) Slideshow

*      Dandurand, F., Rivest, F., Stolle, M., & Shultz, T. R. (2003). LNSC cascade-correlation simulator applet. Internet applet

*      Thivierge, J. P., & Shultz, T. R. (2002).  Finding relevant knowledge: KBCC applied to splice-junction determination. IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2002 (pp. 1401-1405). Abstract

*      Rivest, F., & Shultz, T. R. (2002). Application of knowledge-based cascade-correlation to vowel recognition. IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks 2002 (pp. 53-58). Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (2001). Connectionist models of development. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Science (Vol. 4, pp. 2577-2580). Oxford: Pergamon. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (2001). Constraint satisfaction models. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (Vol. 4, pp. 2648-2651). Oxford: Pergamon. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Bale, A. C. (2001). Neural network simulation of infant familiarization to artificial sentences: Rule-like behavior without explicit rules and variables. Infancy, 2, 501-536. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Rivest, F. (2001).  Knowledge-based cascade-correlation: Using knowledge to speed learning. Connection Science, 13, 43-72. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (2001). Assessing generalization in connectionist and rule-based models under the learning constraint. Proceedings of the Twenty-third Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 922-927). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Kamimura, R., Kamimura, T., & Shultz, T. R. (2001). Structural information control for flexible competitive learning. In V. Kurdova, N. C. Steele, R. Neruda, & M. Karny (Eds.), Artificial neural nets and genetic algorithms: Proceedings of the International Conference in Prague, Czech Republic, 2001 (pp. 90-93). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer-Verlag. Abstract

*      Kamimura, R., Kamimura, T., & Shultz, T. R. (2001). Information theoretic competitive learning and linguistic rule acquisition. Transactions of the Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence, 16, 287-298. Abstract

*      Kamimura, T., Kamimura, R., & Shultz, T. R. (2001). Linguistic rule acquisition by information maximization: Neural networks infer the use of donatory verbs. Proceedings of the IASTED International Symposia, Applied Informatics: Artificial Intelligence and Applications (pp. 90-94). Anaheim, CA: ACTA Press. Abstract

*      Kamimura, R., Kamimura, T., & Shultz, T. R. (2001). Self-organization by information control. Proceedings of the IASTED International Symposia, Applied Informatics: Artificial Intelligence and Applications (pp. 188-192). Anaheim, CA: ACTA Press. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (2000). Prototypes and portability in artificial neural network models. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 23, 493-494. Abstract

*      Buckingham, D., & Shultz, T. R. (2000). The developmental course of distance, time, and velocity concepts: A generative connectionist model. Journal of Cognition and Development, 1, 305-345.  Abstract

*      Sirois, S., Buckingham, D., & Shultz, T. R. (2000). Artificial grammar learning by infants: An auto-associator perspective. Developmental Science, 4, 442-456. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Lepper, M. R. (2000). Simulation of self-affirmation phenomena in cognitive dissonance. Proceedings of the Twenty-second Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 464-468). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Bale, A. C. (2000). Infant familiarization to artificial sentences: Rule-like behavior without explicit rules and variables. Proceedings of the Twenty-second Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 459-463). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Rivest, F. (2000). Using knowledge to speed learning: A comparison of knowledge-based cascade-correlation and multi-task learning. Proceedings of the Seventeenth International Conference on Machine Learning (pp. 871-878). San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Rivest, F. (2000). Knowledge-based cascade-correlation. Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, Vol. V (pp. 641-646). Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (2000). A tutorial on cascade-correlation. (Note: Your browser must be set to enable active scripting.) Slideshow

*      Shultz, T. R., & Bale, A. C. (2000). A tutorial on the encoder option in cascade-correlation. (Note: Your browser must be set to enable active scripting.) Slideshow

*      Oshima-Takane, Y., Takane, Y., & Shultz, T. R. (1999). The learning of first and second pronouns in English: Network models and analysis. Journal of Child Language, 26, 545-575. Abstract

*      Lepper, M. R., & Shultz, T. R. (1999). Dissonance. MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (pp. 233-234). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (1999). Rule learning by habituation can be simulated in neural networks. Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 665-670). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Lepper, M. R. (1999). Consonance network simulations of arousal phenomena in cognitive dissonance. Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 659-664). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Sirois, S., & Shultz, T. R. (1999). Learning, development, and nativism: Connectionist implications. Proceedings of the Twenty-first Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 689-694). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Mareschal, D., & Shultz, T. R. (1999). Development of children's seriation: A connectionist approach. Connection Science, 11, 149-186. Abstract

*      Takane, Y., Oshima-Takane, Y., & Shultz, T. R. (1999). Analysis of knowledge representations in cascade correlation networks. Behaviormetrika, 26, 5-28. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., Léveillé, E., & Lepper, M. R. (1999). Free choice and cognitive dissonance revisited: Choosing "lesser evils" vs. "greater goods." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 40-48. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Lepper, M. R. (1999). Computer simulation of cognitive dissonance reduction. In E. Harmon-Jones & Mills, J. (Eds.), Cognitive dissonance: Progress on a pivotal theory in social psychology (pp. 235-265). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Abstract

*      Sirois, S., & Shultz, T. R. (1998). Neural network modeling of developmental effects in discrimination shifts. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 71, 235-274. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Lepper, M. R. (1998). A constraint-satisfaction model of Machiavellianism effects in cognitive dissonance. Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 957-962). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Sirois, S., & Shultz, T. R. (1998). Neural network models of discrimination shifts. Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 980-985). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (1998). A computational analysis of conservation. Developmental Science, 1, 103-126. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Lepper, M. R. (1998). The consonance model of dissonance reduction. In S. J. Read & L. C. Miller (Eds.), Connectionist models of social reasoning and social behavior (pp. 211-244). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Mareschal, D. (1997). Rethinking innateness, learning, and constructivism: Connectionist perspectives on development. Cognitive Development, 12, 563-586. Abstract

*      Mareschal, D., & Shultz, T. R. (1997). From neural constructivism to children's cognitive development: Bridging the gap. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20, 571-572. Abstract

*      Szilas, N., & Shultz, T. R. (1997). Prospects for automatic recoding of inputs in connectionist learning. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20, 81-82. Abstract

*      Sirois, S., & Shultz, T. R. (1997).  A neural network model of discrimination shifts. Proceedings of the Nineteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (p. 1053). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Mareschal, D., & Shultz, T. R. (1996). Generative connectionist networks and constructivist cognitive development. Cognitive Development, 11, 571-603. Abstract

*      Buckingham, D., & Shultz, T. R. (1996). Computational power and realistic cognitive development. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 507-511). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Lepper, M. R. (1996). Cognitive dissonance reduction as constraint satisfaction. Psychological Review, 103, 219-240. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., Buckingham, D., Oshima-Takane, Y. (1996). Generative connectionist models of cognitive development: Why they work. In Proceedings of Workshop on Computational Cognitive Modeling: Source of the Power. American Association of Artificial Intelligence. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (1996). Models of cognitive development. In V. Rialle & D. Fisette, (Eds.), Penser l'esprit: Des sciences de la cognition à une philosophie cognitive (pp. 393-405). Grenoble: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble. Abstract

*      Plunkett, K., & Shultz, T. R. (1996). Computational models of development: A symposium. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 61-62). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

*      Shultz, T. R. (1996). A generative neural network analysis of conservation. Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 65-66). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Takane, Y., Oshima-Takane, Y., & Shultz, T. R. (1995). Network analyses: The case of first and second person pronouns. Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (pp. 3594-3599). Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., Oshima-Takane, Y., & Takane, Y. (1995). Analysis of unstandardized contributions in cross connected networks. In D. Touretzky, G. Tesauro, & T. K. Leen, (Eds). Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 7 (pp. 601-608). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Abstract

*      Tetewsky, S. J., Shultz, T. R., & Takane, Y. (1995). Training regimens and function compatibility: Implications for understanding the effects of knowledge on concept learning. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 304-309). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., Schmidt, W. C., Buckingham, D., & Mareschal, D. (1995). Modeling cognitive development with a generative connectionist algorithm. In T. J. Simon & G. S. Halford (Eds.), Developing cognitive competence: New approaches to process modeling (pp. 205-261). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Takane, Y., Oshima-Takane, Y., &  Shultz, T. R. (December, 1994). Approximations of nonlinear functions by feed-forward networks. Proceedings of the 11th Annual Meeting of the Japan Classification Society (pp. 26-33). Tokyo: Japan Classification Society. Abstract

*      Takane, Y., Oshima-Takane, Y., &  Shultz, T. R. (1994). Methods for analyzing internal representations of neural networks. In T. Kubo (Ed.), Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Meeting of the Behaviormetric Society (pp. 246-247). Tokyo: The Behaviormetric Society. Abstract

*      Buckingham, D., & Shultz, T. R. (1994). A connectionist model of the development of velocity, time, and distance concepts. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 72-77). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Oshima-Takane, Y. (1994). Analysis of unscaled contributions in cross connected networks. Proceedings of the World Congress on Neural Networks (Vol. 3, pp. 690-695). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Elman, J. L. (1994). Analyzing cross connected networks. In J. D. Cowan, G. Tesauro, & J. Alspector  (Eds.), Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 6 (pp. 1117-1124). San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmannn. Abstract 

*      Shultz, T. R., Mareschal, D., & Schmidt, W. C. (1994). Modeling cognitive development on balance scale phenomena. Machine Learning, 16, 57-86. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., Buckingham, D., & Oshima-Takane, Y. (1994). A connectionist model of the learning of personal pronouns in English. In S. J. Hanson, T. Petsche, M. Kearns, & R. L. Rivest (Eds.), Computational learning theory and natural learning systems, Vol. 2: Intersection between theory and experiment (pp. 347-362). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (1994). The challenge of representational redescription. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 17, 728-729. Abstract

*      Mareschal, D., & Shultz, T R. (1993). A connectionist model of the development of seriation. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 676-681). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Tetewsky, S., Shultz, T., & Buckingham, D. (1993). Reducing retroactive interference in connectionist models of recognition memory. Canadian Society for Brain, Behaviour, and Cognitive Science, Third Annual Meeting, 93. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Lepper, M. R. (1992). A constraint satisfaction model of cognitive dissonance phenomena. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 462-467). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Schmidt, W. C. & Shultz, T. R. (1992). An investigation of balance scale success. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 72-77). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (1992). Choosing a unifying theory for cognitive development. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 15, 456-457. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R., & Schmidt, W. C. (1991). A Cascade-Correlation model of balance scale phenomena. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (pp. 635-640). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (1991). Simulating stages of human cognitive development with connectionist models. In L. Birnbaum & G. Collins (Eds.), Machine learning: Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop (pp. 105-109). San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (1991). The rationality of causal inference. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 14, 503-504. Abstract

*      Shultz, T. R. (1990). Comparing artificial and natural intelligence. Contemporary Psychology, 35, 60-61. Abstract

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